Epilepsy care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of all patients around the world. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) COVID-19 and Telemedicine Task Forces examined, through surveys to people with epilepsy (PWE), caregivers, and health care professionals, how the pandemic has affected the well-being, care, and services for PWE. The ILAE included a link on their website whereby PWE and/or their caregivers could fill out a survey (in 11 languages) about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including access to health services and impact on mental health, including the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. An anonymous link was also provided whereby health care providers could report cases of new-onset seizures or an exacerbation of seizures in the context of COVID-19. Finally, a separate questionnaire aimed at exploring the utilization of telehealth by health care professionals since the pandemic began was available on the ILAE website and also disseminated to its members. Seventeen case reports were received; data were limited and therefore no firm conclusions could be drawn. Of 590 respondents to the well-being survey (422 PWE, 166 caregivers), 22.8% PWE and 27.5% caregivers reported an increase in seizure frequency, with difficulty in accessing medication and health care professionals reported as barriers to care. Of all respondents, 57.1% PWE and 21.5% caregivers had severe psychological distress (k score >13), which was significantly higher among PWE than caregivers (p<0.01). An increase in telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by health care professionals, with 40% of consultations conducted by this method. Although 74.9% of health care providers thought that this impacted positively, barriers to care were also identified. As we move forward, there is a need to ensure ongoing support and care for PWE to prevent a parallel pandemic of unmet health care needs.

The initial impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on epilepsy research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the face of many practices throughout the world. Through necessity to minimize spread and provide clinical care to those with severe disease, focus has been on limiting face-to-face contact. Research in many areas has been put on hold. We sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on epilepsy research from international basic science and clinical researchers. Responses to five questions were solicited through a convenience sample by direct email and through postings on the ILAE social media accounts and an ILAE online platform (utilizing Slack). Information was collected from 15 respondents in 11 countries by email or via Zoom interviews between May 19, 2020, and June 4, 2020. Several themes emerged including a move to virtual working, project delays with laboratory work halted and clinical work reduced, funding concerns, a worry about false data with regard to COVID research and concern about research time lost. However, a number of positive outcomes were highlighted, not least the efficiency of online working and other adaptations that could be sustained in the future.

Recommendations for electroencephalographic studies during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Desde el inicio de la pandemia por covid-19 o SARS-CoV2 se han documentado múltiples manifestaciones neurológicas que abarcan desde encefalitis viral hasta enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda. Si bien el virus no implica un mayor riesgo para personas con diagnóstico de epilepsia en comparación con la población general, es pertinente establecer recomendaciones específicas para la realización de estudios electroencefalográficos en pacientes sin infección por covid-19, asi como para pacientes sospechosos, probables o confirmados para covid-19, teniendo en cuenta que los estudios electroencefalográicos son parte crucial de la evaluación de los pacientes con eventos paroxísticos. Basados en la evidencia publicada hasta el momento actual en la literatura médica y de acuerdo con las recomendaciones y publicaciones de la Sociedad Americana de Neurofisiología Clínica (ACNS), la Sociedad Americana de Neurodiagnóstico (ASET) y la Task Force ILAE-COVID de la Liga Internacional Contra la Epilepsia (ILAE), a continuación se exponen las consideraciones a tener en cuenta en cuanto a las indicaciones del estudio junto con un protocolo sugerido para la realización del mismo que abarca desde la duración del estudio hasta el número de electrodos sugerido, así como recomendaciones para el personal técnico y asistencial. SUMMARY Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple neurological manifestations have been documented, ranging from viral encephalitis to acute stroke. Although the virus does not imply greater risk in people living with epilepsy in comparison with general population, it is relevant to establish specific recommendations for electroencephalographic studies in patients without COVID-19 infection, as well as in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, taking into account that electroencephalographic studies are crucial for the evaluation of patients with paroxysmal events. Based on available evidence from the medical literature and in accordance with the recommendations and available resources of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), the American Neurodiagnostic Society (ASET) and the ILAE-COVID Task Force from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), below are the considerations to take into account regarding indications for the study along with a suggested protocol, which includes aspects such as the duration of the study, number of electrodes suggested and recommendations for technical and care staff.

Recommendations for electroencephalographic studies during the COVID-19 pandemic Recomendaciones para estudios electroencefalográficos durante la pandemia covid-19 / Recommendations for electroencephalographic studies during the COVID-19 pandemic

SUMMARY Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple neurological manifestations have been documented, ranging from viral encephalitis to acute stroke. Although the virus does not imply greater risk in people living with epilepsy in comparison with general population, it is relevant to establish specific recommendations for electroencephalographic studies in patients without COVID-19 infection, as well as in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, taking into account that electroencephalographic studies are crucial for the evaluation of patients with paroxysmal events. Based on available evidence from the medical literature and in accordance with the recommendations and available resources of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS), the American Neurodiagnostic Society (ASET) and the ILAE-COVID Task Force from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), below are the considerations to take into account regarding indications for the study along with a suggested protocol, which includes aspects such as the duration of the study, number of electrodes suggested and recommendations for technical and care staff.